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Further points to note

No author

Occasionally it is not possible to identify the author(s) of a work. In this case use the title of the book instead of the author's name, followed by the date.

 

No date

If you cannot determine a date of publication use n.d.,  placing it in the brackets as you would with a date.

  • White [n.d] found that... or
  • (White, [n.d.])

 

Secondary referencing

If the source is cited in another book but you have not actually seen the original, for the in-text citation you should cite both the original source and the secondary source where you found the information.

  • In text citation:
  • Copeau (quoted in Gordon, 2006, p.122) declares that 'new dramatic forms will come from new ways of living, thinking and feeling'.
  • Full reference:
  • In the reference list at the end of the assignment you need only include a reference for Gordon, as you have not looked at the original source by Copeau, but have read about it in Gordon's work.
  • Gordon, L. (2006) Drama in the 20th century. Routledge, London.

 

Please note:

  • It is always better to consult the original source of your material to avoid the inaccurate interpretation of material.
  • Secondary referencing should only be used when access to the original source is not available.